Selasa, 20 Maret 2012

Gerund

Gerunds and Infinitives Part 1

1. A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples:

Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence
Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence
I enjoy reading. object of sentence

Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not."

Examples:

He enjoys not working.
The best thing for your health is not smoking.

2. Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb. The infinitive form of "learn" is "to learn." You can also use an infinitive as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples:

To learn is important. subject of sentence
The most important thing is to learn. complement of sentence
He wants to learn. object of sentence

Infinitives can be made negative by adding "not."

Examples:

I decided not to go.
The most important thing is not to give up.

3. Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract. In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday English. Infinitives emphasize the possibility or potential for something and sound more philosophical. If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence.

Examples:

Learning is important. normal subject
To learn is important. abstract subject - less common
The most important thing is learning. normal complement
The most important thing is to learn. abstract complement - less common

4. As the object of a sentence, it is more difficult to choose between a gerund or an infinitive. In such situations, gerunds and infinitives are not normally interchangeable. Usually, the main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive.

Examples:

He enjoys swimming. "Enjoy" requires a gerund.
He wants to swim. "Want" requires an infinitive.

5. Some verbs are followed by gerunds as objects. List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds

Examples:

She suggested going to a movie.
Mary keeps talking about her problems.

6. Some verbs are followed by infinitives. List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives

Examples:

She wants to go to a movie.
Mary needs to talk about her problems.

Exercises: Part 1, find in the following link

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/part_1.htm

Gerunds and Infinitives Part 2

7. Gerunds can often be modified with possessive forms such as his, her, its, your, their, our, John's, Mary's, the machine's, and so on. This makes it clearer who or what is performing the action.

Examples:

I enjoyed their singing. They were singing.
She understood his saying no to the offer. He said no.
Sam resented Debbie's coming late to the dinner. Debbie came late to the dinner.
We discussed the machine's being broken. The machine is broken.

8. Some verbs are followed by a noun plus an infinitive. In some situations, the noun is required. In other situations, the noun is optional. List of Verbs Followed by a Noun + an Infinitive

Examples:

The police ordered the man to stop. noun is required
She asked to leave. noun is optional
She asked him to leave. noun is optional

9. Some verbs are usually followed by a gerund, BUT they can also be followed by a noun plus infinitive. Using a noun plus infinitive will usually change who is performing the action. List of Verbs followed by a Gerund OR a Noun + Infinitive

Examples:

I advised taking the train. in general
I advised him to take the train. He will take the train.

10. There are many "go + gerund" expressions used for adventure sports and individual recreational activities. List of Go + Gerund Combinations

Examples:

I go swimming every weekend.
Would you ever go skydiving?

11. Gerunds are used after prepositions. Most commonly, these are "verb + preposition" combinations. For reference, see the Verb + Preposition Dictionary and the Phrasal Verb Dictionary. You don't have to memorize these resources, you just need to remember that gerunds are used after prepositions!

Examples:

They admitted to committing the crime.
Leslie made up for forgetting my birthday.
He is thinking about studying abroad.

12. Remember that there are many "adjective + preposition" combinations and "noun + preposition" combinations in English as well. These are also followed by gerunds. List of Adjective + Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds and List of Noun + Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds. Once again, you don't have to memorize these resources, you just need to remember that gerunds are used after prepositions!

Examples:

Sandy is scared of flying. adjective + preposition
Nick is anxious about taking the examination. adjective + preposition
His interest in becoming a professional snowboarder was well known. noun + preposition
Thomas' story about seeing a grizzly bear was really exciting. noun + preposition

Exercises Part 2:

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/part_2.htm

Gerunds and Infinitives Part 3

13. Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive, but with a difference in meaning. List of Verbs Followed by a Gerund or Infinitive (Different Meaning)

Examples:

Nancy remembered getting married. Nancy has a memory of getting married.
Fred remembered to bring sunblock to the beach. Fred remembered that he needed to bring sunblock.

14. Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with little difference in meaning. List of Verbs Followed by a Gerund or Infinitive (Similar Meaning)

Examples:

She likes swimming.
She likes to swim.

Although the difference in meaning is small with these particular verbs, and gerunds and infinitives can often be used interchangeably, there is still a meaning difference. Using a gerund suggests that you are referring to real activities or experiences. Using an infinitive suggests that you are talking about potential or possible activities or experiences. Because of this small difference in meaning, gerunds and infinitives cannot always be used interchangeably, such as in the examples below.

Examples:

The British reporter likes living in New York. He lives in New York and he likes what he experiences there.
The British reporter likes to live in New York whenever he works in the United States. He likes the option or possibility of living in New York when he works in the United States.
I like speaking French because it's such a beautiful language. I like the experience of speaking French, and the way it makes me feel when I speak the language.
I like to speak French when I'm in France. I prefer the option of speaking French when I am in France.

15. There are many "be + adjective" combinations that are commonly followed by infinitives. List of Be + Adjective Combinations Followed by Infinitives

Examples:

They were anxious to begin.
She was delighted to receive such good feedback.
He is lucky to have such good friends.

16. There are also many nouns that are commonly followed by infinitives. List of Nouns Followed by Infinitives

Examples:

It was a good decision to move to San Francisco.
His wish to become an actor was well known.
Laura's desire to improve impressed me.

17. Sometimes infinitives are used to express the idea of "in order to do something."

Examples:

He bought the English dictionary to look up difficult words. in order to look up
Janine sold her car to get the money that she needed. in order to get
Juan uses Englishpage.com to learn English. in order to learn

This idea of "in order to do something" is found in many English patterns.

too + adjective/adverb + infinitive

Examples:

The box is too heavy to carry.
The television is too expensive to buy.
Fiona ran too slowly to win the race.
We arrived too late to see the beginning of the movie.

adjective/adverb + enough + infinitive

Examples:

She is tall enough to reach the book on the shelf.
Brian was smart enough to enter college at the age of 12.
Linda runs quickly enough to win the race.

enough + noun(s) + infinitive

Examples:

He has enough money to buy his own car.
Cheryl owns enough books to start her own library!
Diane needs enough time to finish writing her book.

18. Certain expressions are followed by "ING" forms. List of Expressions followed by Verb+ing Forms

Examples:

He had fun fishing.
They had difficulty finding a parking place.
She spent her time practicing the piano.

19. Verbs which indicate location can often be followed by "ING" forms. This pattern is VERB OF LOCATION + LOCATION + VERB+ING. List of Verbs of Location

Examples:

Sarah stood at the corner waiting for Tom.
Melissa lay in bed thinking about her future.
Don clung to the side of the cliff looking down.

20. In addition to simple gerund and infinitive forms, there are progressive gerund and infinitive forms, passive gerund and infinitive forms and perfect gerund and infinitive forms as well as combinations of these forms. Progressive forms are used to emphasize that an action is taking place now. Passive forms are used to emphasize that the subject of the sentence is being acted upon. Perfect gerund and infinitive forms are used to emphasize completion in both the past and the future. Study the examples below to help understand these concepts. To learn more about progressiveness, the passive voice and the perfect aspect, complete the Englishpage.com Verb Tense Tutorial.

	GERUND FORMS	INFINITIVE FORMS
SIMPLE	The teacher enjoys teaching.	The teacher wants to teach.
PROGRESSIVE	Mr. Smith is really enjoying teaching his class. Looks the same as simple form above.	Mr. Smith would like to be teaching his class.
PASSIVE	The students enjoy being taught.	The students want to be taught.
PERFECT	The retired teacher recalled having taught.	The teacher was expecting to have taught that already.
PASSIVE + PROGRESSIVE	The students are enjoying being taught by such an exciting new teacher. Looks the same as the passive form above.	The students would like to be being taught by Mr Smith.
PASSIVE + PERFECT	The older students recalled having been taught that already.	The students were expecting to have been taught that by now.

Exercise part 3, find in :

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/part_3.htm

Minggu, 11 Maret 2012

STUDENTS' ACTIVITIES

CLASS ANNOUNCEMENT

UNIVERSITAS YAPIS PAPUA

FAKULTAS EKONOMI

Program Studi Akuntansi (Terakredi), Manajemen (Terakreditasi)

Alamat : Jl. DR. Sam Ratulangi no 11 Dok V Atas. Tlp. (0967) 534012, 550355 Jayapura Papua

MID TEST

Lesson : English

Credit : 3 SKS

Class : B1, B2 and B3

Program : Accounting

Academic Year : 2011/2012

Semester : 2^nd

Instructions!

Write your name and students’ number.
Alfa Link and printed dictionaries are permissible.
Write a text based on the theme you get. You can write description or recount text. You may write both of them.
Do it by yourself!

Note : Text is given based on the lottery. Every student will get a different theme.

GOOD LUCK !

UNIVERSITAS YAPIS PAPUA

FAKULTAS EKONOMI

Program Studi Akuntansi (Terakredi), Manajemen (Terakreditasi)

Alamat : Jl. DR. Sam Ratulangi no 11 Dok V Atas. Tlp. (0967) 534012, 550355 Jayapura Papua

FINAL EXAMINATION

Lesson : English

Credit : 3 SKS

Class : B1, B2 and B3

Program : Accounting

Academic Year : 2011/2012

Semester : 2^nd

1. Make video of your presentation. You can choose one of the following themes:

Economy (such as promoting products, saving money in a bank,
Politics (such as campaign, governor election, )
Social (such as criminal, career woman, woman emancipation, social donation)
Education (such as Learning English, National Examination, Teaching for isolated area)
Health (such as HIV, Drugs, Cough syrup, Herbal medicine)
Hobby (such as Gardening, Fishing, Swimming)
Parenting (such as Playing with children, teaching children to read book, be patient parents)

2. You can use some devices to help you present your speech. Those devices may be LCD, computer, map, pictures, board marker, relevant things (pan, glass, fishing hook, ball).

3. The duration of your speech minimum 3 minutes.

4. You can take material from internet with editing by yourself or you make the speech by yourself.

5. Send your presentation by email through zaffireelhazza@yahoo.co.id / rumahpensilku@gmail.com

6. The deadline : last may

GOOD LUCK!

Tahun	UNIVERSITAS YAPIS PAPUA JAYAPURA
###	(UNIYAP)

	62201 - AKUNTANSI
	STRATA 1

	Matakuliah:	BAHASA INGGRIS (000104)
	SKS	3 SKS
	Kelas	B1 / 2
	Perkuliahan dilaksanakan pada hari						Jam: (………..)			Ruang : (………….)
	Dosen	Sulistiyani Dyah Purwaningsih, S.S. M.Pd


No	NIPM	NAMA MAHASISWA	Presensi	Keaktifan					Nilai				Mid Test	Final Test	Extra Credit
					1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

1	11121138	AFRI DAYANI RAIS	A	A	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.5
2	08121001	ALBERT MUYAPA			3	3.1		3.1
3	11121076	ANETHA KATERINA YAPO	C	C									3
4	10121087	ANIUS UAGA
5	11121019	ARNOLD JAYA IRIANSYAH	A	A	3.1	3.2	3	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.4
6	08121047	BURHANUDDIN
7	09121075	DIAN HARDIYANTI
8	11121006	ENDANG NOPITASARI	C+	B			2.9	3.1	3.1		3	3.2	2.8
9	11121033	ERNI	A	A	3	3.1	2.9		3.1	3.2			2.6
10	11121090	EVELIN WAROI	C+	B			3.1	3.1	3.1	3			3.3
11	11121041	FAHRUL ROSI HASI	B	B	3.3	3.4	3		3.3	3.3	3.3		3.8
12	11121004	FANDI LA ODE BONE	A	A	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3		3.4	3.3	3.6
13	11121017	FRELLY OKTOVIN KOPONG	C									3
14	11121030	HASRIANTI	A	A	3	3.1	3	3.1	3.2			3.1	3.3
15	11121020	HERYANTO MARPAUNG	A	A	3	3.2	3	3.3	3.3	3.4		3.3	3.6
16	11121115	KALEB HANUEBY
17	11121083	KUMALASARI										2.7
18	11121003	MAICA YONNA CHUMALASARI											3.5
19	11121011	MARIA MAKO MAI	A	A	3	3.2		3.1	3.1	3	3.1	3.2	3
20	11121005	MARIANA PAYUNG ALLO	A	B	3	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.1		3.1	3.2	2.8
21	11121022	MARLINA	B	B	3.1	3.2	3	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3
22	11121048	MARMUAH	B	B				3.1	3.1	3.3		3.3	3.4
23	11121044	MESSKE DESY RORONG	A	A	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.6	3
24	11121026	MUHAMMAD ALI SYUKRAN AL JUFRI	B	B-	3.1	3.1	2.9						3.8
25	11121024	NUR MALIK IBRAHIM SYAH	A	A	3	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.3		3.2		3
26	11121009	NUR SUCIRDA	A	A	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.8
27	11121139	NUR YULIATI	A	A	3.1		3					3.4
28	11121025	NURJANAH	A	A	3.1	3.2	3	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.3	3
29	11121051	NURSIA	B	B	3.1	3.2	3	3.1	3.1			3.4	3
30	11121075	OVIE ARISTA PATSALANI
31	11121027	PUTRI VERONIKA HI DAMU	B	B	3	3.1		3.1	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.8
32	11121007	PUTRI WIDIASTUTI	A	B	3.1	3.2	3	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3	3
33	11121034	RAHMAN AREY	A	A	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5		3.4	3.5	3.7
34	11121063	RIO PARMONANGAN TAMPUBOLON	B	B			3.2		3.1	3.2		3.1	3.3
35	11121054	RISMA WIDYA ASTUTI ARAS	A	B			3.1	3	3.1	3	3.4	3.5	3.6
36	11121013	SINTIA DEWI	A	A	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.2
37	11121043	SISKA MARIA RORONG	A	A	3.1	3.3	3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.6	3.2
38	11121031	SITTI KHALIJA	A	A	3	3.1	3	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.3
39	11121008	SUJIMANTORO	A	A	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.9
40	11121014	SULFI	A	A	3.1	3.2	3	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.5
41	11121046	TIEN TEBAI
42	11121016	ULWIA	A	B	3	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3	3.2
43	11121023	WAHYUNI	A	B	3.1	3.2		3	3	3	3.1	3.1	3.2
44	11121050	WILYARSON	C+	B	3	3.1	3.2		3.1	2.9	3.3	3.2	3.4
45	11121035	YAN SILAS SROYER	A	B	3	3.1	2.9		3.2			3.2	3


	Nilai 1	introduction
	2	speaking (describing)
	3	giving/asking opinion
	4	description of yourself
	5	description of thing
	6	recount
	7	diary
	8	procedure

Beberapa aspek penilaian seperti kedisiplinan, kejujuran akademik, etika, tidak ditampilkan.

Bagi mahasiswa yang belum mengumpulkan tugas, silahkan segera mengumpulkannya sebelum akhir 30 Mei 2012.

Tugas rekaman serta video dikumpilkan paling lambat tgl 30 Mei 2012.

	Matakuliah:	BAHASA INGGRIS (000104)
	SKS	3 SKS
	Kelas	B2 / 2
	Perkuliahan dilaksanakan pada hari							Jam: (………..)		Ruang : (………….)



No	NIPM	NAMA MAHASISWA	Presensi	Keaktifan				Nilai					Mid Test	Final Test	Extra Credit
					1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

1	11121089	AANG BRIAN RENGGANA	A	B	3.1	3.2	2.8						3.1
2	11121057	ASTUTI	B	A	3.1	3.3		3.1	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.8	3.4
3	11121081	CHRISTINA MARGARETHA MANIAGASI
4	11121056	CINDY CINTYA SAPUTRI	C+	B	3.1	3.3		3.1	3.1	3.2
5	11121046	DANTO KADEPA
6	11121084	DEMISON DEGEI
7	11121068	DIANA MARGARETHA N
8	11121071	DIDIK SUDARSONO	B	A	3.4	3.5		3.3	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.8
9	11121088	ELYYA ROQIMA	A	A	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.3	3	3.1	3.3	3.4
10	11121082	FADLI SAMUEL WENTUK	B	B	3	3.1	2.9						3.2
11	11121062	FITRIA NURDANO ADAM	A	A	3.2	3.3		3.2	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.8
12	11121084	HAMSAH	A	A	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6
13	11121065	HERMAWAN SUSANTO	C	B	3.1	3.2		3	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.8
14	11121059	IDA ARIFIN	A	A	3.1	3.2		3.2	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.2
15	11121087	IKA APRILIANY ADAM	A	A	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5
16	11121116	IRIANTI PERMATA SARI	A	A	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.8
17	11121079	LENORA MELFA MAY	C+	C					2.9				3
18	11121074	MARINA	A	B	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1			3.5
19	11121055	MIRNAWATI	B	A	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.2
20	11121037	NURUL HIDAYATI	A	B	3.1	3.2	2.8	3.1	3.1		3.2		3.4
21	11121053	PAULINA WORU	A	A	3.1	3.2		3.1	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2
22	11121122	PISHITA ARUM WINDRIYANI	A	A	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6
23	11121069	PRIMA PRISELLA BULURDITT Y	C	C								3.3	3.8
24	11121067	RATNA PUSPITA NINGRUM	B	B	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.8
25	11121058	RIBUT TAPISAH RUKMA WINDASETIA	A	B	3.1	3.2	3.1				3.1	3.1	3.2
26	11121092	RIKI THOMAS	A	B	3.1	3.2	2.9		3.1	3.1	3.1		3.2
27	11121070	SATIA NINGSIH	B	A	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.6
28	11121026	SUCI APRIANI	B	B	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3		3.4	3.5
29	11121091	WA ODE DARMIATI INDAH	A	B	3.1	3.1	3		3.1	3.1		3.1	3.4
30	11121121	YUSTINA YALIPELE	C	C								2	3.3

	Matakuliah:	BAHASA INGGRIS (000104)
	SKS	3 SKS
	Kelas	B3 / 2
	Perkuliahan dilaksanakan pada hari						Jam: (………..)		Ruang : (………….)
	Dosen	Sulistiyani Dyah Purwaningsih, S.S. M.Pd


No	NIPM	NAMA MAHASISWA	Presence/Kehadiran	Keaktifan				Nilai					Mid Test	Final Test	Extra Credit
					1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1	11121040	ADE IRMA NUR WIJAYANTHI	A	A	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.3		3.3	3.5	3.6
2	11121133	AMRYN MONY	A	B	3	3.1	2.9		2.8			3.4	2.6
3	11121052	ANANCE FEMI BONAI	B	B	3.1	3.2	2.8				3.2	3.5	3
4	11121012	ANGGRI IRIANNI NUR APRILLIYANA
5	11121078	ADRY IRIANTO MATLAWA	A	B	3	3	3			3.1			3.4
6	11121038	ANTINA LIBERTI WORABAI	B	C			2.8				3.1		2.8
7	11121130	ARIF HANDOKO	A	A			3.1	3.2	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.6
8	11121036	ARKLAUS DONDI
9	11121136	ARUFAI	B	B	3.1	3.2			3.2	3.1		3.2	2.9
10	11121049	ASHAR	A	B	3.1	3.2	2.9		3.1	3.1		3.2	3
11	11121125	ASTRI YULIANDA	A	B			3	3	3		3.2	3	3
12	11121119	BILLY FERNANDO DE FRETES	A	A			3.2	3.1	3.2	3.5	3.2	3.8	3.6
13	11121039	DIAN ASTRIA	A	B			3		3.3	3.1	3.2	3.6	3
14	11121072	EDI SHOLATIN	A	A	3.2	3.3	3	3.1	3.1	3.4		3.7	3.1
15	11121117	ENDUN NOVITA PAPARE	B	B	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3		3.6	3.2
16	11121118	ERNI JULIYATI	A	A	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.8	3.8
17	11121077	HARIS SUNANDAR	B	B	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.1				3
18	11121127	HIRONIMUS MINGGIM M GEBSE
19	11121109	IBNU ARIYANTO	A	A	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.4	3.5
20	11121120	MARIUS OKTEMKA	C
21	11121094	MUHAMMAD ALIMIN	C+	B+				3	3.1		3.1	3.4	3.3
22	11121099	NGATMIARSIH	C+	B	3	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1		3.1		3
23	11121131	OVIN PRAYOGA	C										3
24	11121137	ROY ALLAN R WAROMI
25	11121093	SYAHLAN KURNIANSYAH ABU BAKAR	A	B	3.2	3.3	3	3.1	3.1	3.3		3.7	2.8
26	11121102	SYAMSUL BAHRI	C+	B	3.1	3.2		3.1	3.1	3.1			3.2
27	11121060	TINDISON WONDA	A	B	2.7	2.8	2.7	3.1	3.1	3	3		2
28	11121100	TOMI PANGARIBUAN	A	B	3	3.1	2.9	3	3.1	3.5		3.5	3.3
29	11121129	WINDA SARI DIAN P MAAY	C+	A	3.2	3.3		3.3	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.2
30	11121124	YOSEFINA TEKEGE	B	B	2.9	3	2.8	3	3	3			3.1
31	11121106	YUAN CHARLES RUMSARWIR	C	B-						3.5			3.6